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Samuel ibn Naghrillah ((ヘブライ語:שמואל הלוי בן יוסף הנגיד), ''Sh'muel HaLevi ben Yosef HaNagid''; (アラビア語:أبو إسحاق إسماعيل بن النغريلة) ''Abu Iṣḥāq Ismā‘īl bin an-Naghrīlah''), also known as Samuel HaNagid ((ヘブライ語: שמואל הנגיד), ''Shmuel HaNagid'', lit. ''Samuel the Prince'') (born 993; died after 1056), was a Talmudic scholar, grammarian, philologist, soldier, politician, patron of the arts, and an influential medieval Hebrew poet who lived in Iberia at the time of the Moorish rule. His poetry was one area which he was well known for.〔 He was perhaps the most influential Jew, politically, in Muslim Spain. 〔Stillman, Norman A. ''The Jews of Arab Lands: A History and Source Book'', The Jewish Publication Society of America,1979. 56〕 ==Life== Samuel ibn Naghrillah was an Andalusian Jew born in Mérida in 993. He studied Jewish law and became a Talmudic scholar who was fluent in both Hebrew and Arabic. 〔〔Eban, Abba Solomon (''Heritage: civilization and the Jews'' ). Simon and Schuster, Jul 1, 1984. 144-145〕 He started his life as a shopkeeper and merchant in Córdoba.〔Marcus, Jacob Rader. "59: Samuel Ha-Nagid, Vizier of Granada." ''The Jew in the Medieval World: A Source Book, 315-1791.'' Cincinnati: Union of American Hebrew Congregations, 1938. 335-38.〕 However, civil war broke out in 1009 against the Amirid Kingdom and Berbers took the city in 1013, forcing him to flee from Córdoba.〔 In Málaga, he started a spice shop. His relations with the Granada royal court, and his eventual promotion to the position of vizier, happened in a coincidental manner. Jacobs, pulled from the ''Sefer Seder ha-kabbalah'' this interesting account. The shop he set up was near the palace of the vizier of Granada, Abu al-Kasim ibn al-Arif.〔 The vizier met Samuel ibn Naghrillah when his maid servant began to ask Naghrillah to write letters for her.〔 Eventually Naghrillah was given the job of a tax collector, then a secretary, and finally an assistant vizier of state to the Berber king Habbus al-Muzaffar .〔 When Habbus died in 1038, Samuel ibn Naghrillah made certain that King Habbus’ second son, Badis, succeeded him, not his first born, Bulukkin.〔 The reason behind this act was that Badis was more favored by the people, as well as the Jews, compared to Bulukkin. In return for his support, Badis made Samuel ibn Naghrillah his vizier and top general.〔 Some sources say that he held office as a viziership of state for over three decades until his death in 1056. Because Jews were not permitted to hold public office in Islamic nations as an agreement made in the Pact of Umar, that Samuel Nagid, a Jew or dhimmi, should hold such a high public office was rare. His example was used to support the Golden Age theory, regarding Jewish life under Muslim rule, rather than the lachrymose view. His unique position as the viziership, made him the highest ranking Jewish courtier in all of Spain. Recognizing this, in the year of 1027, he took on the title of ''nagid'', or Prince.〔 The peculiar fact regarding his position as the top general in the Granada army was that he was a Jew. That a Jew would command the Muslim army, having them under his authority, was an astonishing feat.〔 As a Jew, he actively sought to spread Jewish culture and values and dutifully performed public service.〔 The Nagid became the leader of Spanish Jewry around the late 1020s.〔 He promoted the benefits of the Jewish people through various acts. One action he did was to promote Jewish learning, by purchasing many copies of the Holy Scriptures, which are the Mishnah and the Talmud. He also promoted the study of the Talmud by giving a form of scholarship to those who wanted to study the Torah for a living. 〔 He died in 1056 of natural causes.〔Constable, Olivia R., ed,''Medieval Iberia'' . University of Pennsylvania Press, 1997 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Samuel ibn Naghrillah」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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